Advanced Critical Writing The WritePass Journal

Advanced Critical Writing Introduction Advanced Critical Writing ). Alcohol is undoubtedly a public health issue and is involved in a high number of road traffic accidents and anti-social activities such as assault, as well as being associated with a number of chronic diseases including alcoholic liver disease and a range of cancers (Rehm et al., 2009; Schà ¼tze et al., 2011). Furthermore, the economic cost can be devastating with alcohol-related injury costing the National Health Service (NHS) around  £2.7 billion a year, based on 2006 to 2007 figures (NHS, 2011). Therefore, the Government should indeed feel some responsibility to tackle and reduce these figures if at all possible. The author argues that such a strategy as minimum unit pricing for alcohol will be an infringement on the British people, a violation of the free market economy and will cause moderate and responsible drinkers to pay for the â€Å"crimes of a few.† However, the author later contradicts themselves saying that â€Å"boosting the cost [of alcohol] isn’t going to stop me drinking, it’s going to just leave me out of pocket.† Here, the author has gone from the extreme and dramatic to an almost mocking of the proposed policy. It becomes unclear whether the author truly believes that the policy would severely affect the innocent or whether it would simply leave people short of a few pounds at the end of the month. This type of contradictory writing can also been seen elsewhere in the article. For example, the writer opens the article with a murky and sinister scene using evocative words and phrases such as â€Å"swarming†, â€Å"staggering† and †Å"teenagers hunched over a bottle of Frosty Jacks.† This use of language suggests that the author is disgusted and repelled by binge drinkers and the open consumption of cheap alcohol on British streets. However, the author quickly goes on to denounce Government attempts to tackle the problem as a â€Å"crazy idea†, once again sending out a mixed message to the reader. The author also argues against the claim that an increase in prices for drinks with a high alcohol content will put off the type of people who buy such drinks purely to achieve a state of drunkenness, namely individuals suffering from alcoholism. The author asks â€Å"isn’t it their choice to drink alcohol?† and suggests that it is unacceptable to hurt the average person financially by trying to price such individuals out of the alcohol market. This an extremely reductionist viewpoint, meaning that the author of the article is reducing the plight of an alcoholic to the result of just â€Å"their choice† rather than taking into account the plethora of reasons that can lead an individual down the destructive road of alcoholism, such as homelessness, debt or abuse. Such a view-point is potentially damaging as Spanagel (2009) has warned that a reductionist view of the causes of alcoholism can stand in the way of a better understanding of the underlying pathological p rocesses involved in such addictive behaviour. The author goes on to claim that implementation of a  £0.45 minimum unit price for alcohol is the result of the Government’s attempt to try and make revenue from people who can afford a price rise but are just inconvenienced by it. This is an extreme accusation and the author has failed to take into account the evidence that suggests otherwise. Namely that such a policy could have a positive effect on public health and the economy.   Using a price-to-consumption model using various data sources and based on 54 population sub-groups classed as harmful, hazardous or moderate drinkers, Purshouse et al. (2010) estimated that a  £0.45 minimum price unit for alcohol would reduce alcohol consumption by 4.5% and avoid 1,970 alcohol-related deaths.   A recent systematic review found that a price increase of alcohol by around 10% would lead to a reduction in consumption of alcohol by around 5% (Wagenaar, Tobler and Komro, 2010). Both of these studies have provided strong evidenc e that a minimum unit pricing strategy with alcohol would be effective in reducing hazardous alcohol consumption. Further strengthening the argument in favour of minimum unit pricing are doubts that other attempts to reduce alcohol consumption will be far from successful. In a recent editorial, McKee (2012) highlighted that the three main â€Å"lines of attack† for tackling hazardous drinking consist of marketing, pricing and availability. Marketing and restrictions on availability are difficult to control, especially due to the lobbying power that many companies within the alcohol industry possess (McKee, 2012), and education-based interventions have been shown to be ineffective (Anderson, Chisholm and Fuhr, 2009) Therefore, pricing appears to be potentially the most effective and most easily manipulated element that the Government can utilise to tackle hazardous drinking. However, in addition to the positive effects that a minimum pricing policy has been predicted to have, there were also a number of drawbacks. For example, an increase in type 2 diabetes in young women was predicted due to a loss of the health benefits of moderate alcohol consumption and most of the reductions in harm would have been seen in chronic disorders in the over 45s, limiting the positive effect on the health and well-being of younger people (Purshouse et al., 2010). Furthermore, the figures produced by Purshouse et al. (2010) were based on a time period 10 years after policy implementation, suggesting that the benefit of a minimum pricing policy could be a long time coming. These drawbacks could be seen to support the author’s claim that the Government would use a minimum pricing strategy primarily to increase their income, seeing as though implementation of the policy would be limited in its immediate and overall beneficial effects on public health. Furthermore, alternatives to minimum pricing such as increasing tax on alcohol, have also been found to decrease levels of alcohol consumption (Elder et al., 2010). However, the existence of potentially equally as effective strategies for tackling hazardous drinking does not automatically suggest a conspiracy by the Government to reap more revenue through a minimum pricing strategy. The author of the article disagrees with the claim that alcohol fuels crime and with the figure that intoxicated people are involved in causing around 5,000 avoidable crimes every year. However, it is well documented that alcohol is prolifically involved in crime. From 1998 to 1999, 70% of crimes were found to have involved alcohol (Home Office, 2001), with alcohol being a component in up to 70% of all stabbings and beatings, 40% of domestic violence incidents and 50% of child protection cases (Alcohol Concern, 2000). These figures are highly disturbing and the author’s credibility is severely damaged in denying belief in such figures. The author ends the article with a rhetorical question by asking whether we would want â€Å"to live in a free country where people live as their consciences tell them† or whether we want to try and â€Å"control the behaviour of the poor by pricing them out of activities that we disapprove of?†   A similar use of rhetoric can be seen throughout the article. For example, the author suggests that the next stage after minimum unit pricing may be an increase in theatre tickets to reduce the number of â€Å"poorer, less educated people who might talk during the show.† This is an example of hyperbole where the author is exaggerating in order to manipulate their audience and create a strong emotional reaction. Through the use of rhetoric, the author will hope to encourage their audience to ‘come round’ to their way of thinking. However, the article would be far more persuasive if the author were to use more facts and empirical evidence to support their v iews. In conclusion, the article is well-written in terms of persuasiveness and in using rhetoric to create a strong emotional reaction in the audience. However, the author too often makes statements that contradict current empirical evidence without justification, which damages the credibility of the source.   References Alcohol Concern (2000) Britain’s Ruin: Meeting Government Objectives via a National Alcohol Strategy. London, UK: Alcohol Concern. Anderson, P., Chisholm, D. and Fuhr, D.C. (2009) Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of policies and programmes to reduce the harm caused by alcohol. Lancet, 373, pp. 2234-2246. Elder, R.W., Lawrence, B., Ferguson, A., Naimi, T.S., Brewer, R.D., Chattopadhyay, S.K., Toomey, T.L. and Fielding, J.E. (2010) The effectiveness of tax policy interventions for reducing excessive alcohol consumption and related harms. American Journal of Preventative Medicine, 38(2), pp. 217-229. Home Office (2012) The Government’s Alcohol Strategy. London, UK: Home Office. Home Office (2001) Fighting Violent Crime Together: An Action Plan. London, UK: Home Office. Kuntsche, E., Rehm, J. and Gmel, G. (2004) Characteristics of binge drinkers in Europe. Social Science and Medicine, 59, pp. 113-127. McKee, M. (2012) Minimum unit pricing for alcohol – the case for action is overwhelming. European Journal of Public Health, 22(4), pp. 451. NHS (2011) Statistics on Alcohol: England, 2011. London, UK: The NHS Information Centre. Purshouse, R.C., Meier, P.S., Brennan, A., Taylor, K.B. and Rafia, R. (2010) Estimated effect of alcohol pricing policies on health and health economic outcomes in England: an epidemiological model. Lancet, 375, pp. 1355-1364. Rehm, J., Mathers, C., Popova, S., Thavorncharoensap, M., Teerawattananon, Y. and Patra, J. (2009) Global burden of disease and injury and economic cost attributable to alcohol use and alcohol-use disorders. Lancet, 373, pp. 2223-2233. Schà ¼tze, M., Boeing, H., Pischon, T. et al. (2011) Alcohol attributable burden of incidence of cancer in eight European countries based on results from prospective cohort study. British Medical Journal, 342, d1584. Spanagel, R. (2009) Alcoholism: A systems approach from molecular physiology to addictive behaviour. Physiological Reviews, 89(2), pp. 649-705. Wagenaar, A.C., Tobler, A.L. and Komro, K.A. (2010) Effects of alcohol tax and price policies on morbidity and mortality: a systematic review. American Journal of Public Health, 100, pp. 2270-2278.

Free Essays on Motivation For Achieving Success

The Role of Motivation for achieving success for university students The role of motivation for achievement is very important for all students and especially for the students of higher educational institutions like universities and collages. In universities many students have problems with low academic motivation or even an absence of it, which leads to a passive attitude towards studying. In universities and collages students are more independent in forming their attitudes concerning studying, which will affect their further life, rather than in high schools. That is why it is extremely important for university students to be self-motivated in order to be successful. By motivation for achievement we consider a person’s aspiration to accomplish his work well, qualitatively, and to improve the results of the work. People with high level of motivation usually realistically evaluate their abilities in setting their goals, strive to overcome difficulties, and achieve success. Heckhausen thought that motivation for achievement could be determined as an attempt to increase a person’s abilities to do something or to keep them as high as possible. According to him, motivation has two main characteristics: a desire to achieve success or to avoid a failure. A desire to achieve success expresses a person’s confidence that he will accomplish his task, but the avoidance of a failure shows the fear to fail or not to fulfill the expectations. People oriented on failure are those people who are not self-confident and who always underestimate their abilities. People oriented on success believe that they can handle the requirements and tasks they are expected to do, have self-confidence and do not show constraint. With the feeling of optimism, they are inclined on success, are aware of their abilities, and mostly achieve their goals. (2001) According to Roediger L. Henry et al., the students who have a desire to achieve success are those wit... Free Essays on Motivation For Achieving Success Free Essays on Motivation For Achieving Success The Role of Motivation for achieving success for university students The role of motivation for achievement is very important for all students and especially for the students of higher educational institutions like universities and collages. In universities many students have problems with low academic motivation or even an absence of it, which leads to a passive attitude towards studying. In universities and collages students are more independent in forming their attitudes concerning studying, which will affect their further life, rather than in high schools. That is why it is extremely important for university students to be self-motivated in order to be successful. By motivation for achievement we consider a person’s aspiration to accomplish his work well, qualitatively, and to improve the results of the work. People with high level of motivation usually realistically evaluate their abilities in setting their goals, strive to overcome difficulties, and achieve success. Heckhausen thought that motivation for achievement could be determined as an attempt to increase a person’s abilities to do something or to keep them as high as possible. According to him, motivation has two main characteristics: a desire to achieve success or to avoid a failure. A desire to achieve success expresses a person’s confidence that he will accomplish his task, but the avoidance of a failure shows the fear to fail or not to fulfill the expectations. People oriented on failure are those people who are not self-confident and who always underestimate their abilities. People oriented on success believe that they can handle the requirements and tasks they are expected to do, have self-confidence and do not show constraint. With the feeling of optimism, they are inclined on success, are aware of their abilities, and mostly achieve their goals. (2001) According to Roediger L. Henry et al., the students who have a desire to achieve success are those wit...

Essay cycle1 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cycle1 - Essay Example bled the country to withstand negative influences of the Western culture and protect it people against the danger of same-sex marriages, abortion, and drug abuse. Chinese is a religious nation and values their culture and their way of life which has enabled the country to increase its economic, social and political stability (Overview of Chinese Culture). The Chinese government monitors and censure internet access to protect against infiltration of global influence to its citizens. However, despite all the measure to protect it culture, Chinese people have abandoned some of their culture and embraced the trend in trade, commerce and economic integration among nations. Therefore, globalization has taken root and the country is now open to trade with any nation in the world. Globalization has not only increased the economic growth of China, but also paved way for market expansion. Globalization will lead to China becoming a vibrant and multicultural country, which is crucial for in the globalization era. In one way, globalization leads to the introduction of new cultures that may not be healthy to the original culture. It is clear that when cultures are super imposed, the two cultures are diluted and this lead to the formation of mixed cultures. Qin (2), a New York Times writer, raises the question â€Å"why Chinese has to be mixed up with so much English† to illustrate the results of superimposition of languages. The author supports the idea that globalization has led to the loss of the Chinese culture, which is a risk for the conservation of the original behaviour. Next, globalisation results that there is high chances for the introduction of ill behaviour when cultures interact. The implication of this is that when cultures interact, they tend to borrow from each other behavioural patterns. In China, the ideologies of same-sex marriage after the boom of tourism. While it is clear that the instances of same-sex marriage are rare in China, it cannot be compared to

Discussion Board Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Discussion Board - Essay Example Internet has emerged as the conveyer of leadership, synchronizer of teamwork, and facilitator of communication. Rapid networking has integrated most of the managerial and communication processes in and around the organization. No doubt, Internet has thus expanded the scope of organizational behavior manifold. (Nelson and Quick, 2007) In this context, the example of ObWeb can be readily furnished, which is an entire website dedicated to the cause of organizational behavior. The website serves two main purposes: First, it helps thought sharing, communication, and research in the field of organizational behavior. Second, it strengthens the organizational behaviorist patterns of the academics and professionals by serving as an interactive social media platform. Hence, the web portal provides a forum for the members to ask questions, get answers, post announcements, and engage in a dialogue to address the issues related to organizational behavior. (Leana, 2010) Internet is perhaps one of the strongest tools of information technology (IT). Internet has enabled us to access huge amounts of data, communicate with each other across thousands of miles, and facilitate trans-platform integration of different technologies like email, ecommerce, etc. However, in regards of organizational behavior, the potential effects of IT and Internet are not uniformly positive. Organizations that rely on sophisticated information technologies are more vulnerable to vandalism, espionage, and sabotage. Moreover, IT can create new social divisions. For example, the computer savvy may be put vis-Ã  -vis the nonuser and the educated may dominate the uneducated in newer ways. Faster ways to communicate through the Internet cannot substitute the critical human qualities like common sense and good judgment. Rather, too many channels of communication may lead to contradictions and confusion. Hence, advent of Internet has introduced new problems related to network

Music in the 1950 the artist Nat king Cole Essay

Music in the 1950 the artist Nat king Cole - Essay Example Beginning with the talent as a jazz pianist, Nat King Cole realized the early signs of increasing determination and love towards music at age four when his mother taught him how to play the organ. Eventually, this motivation enhanced his initial jazz performances which further led him to consider interests on rhythms both gospel and classical in nature. With this extent of capability and admiration, he had all the more developed a prominent edge as a jazz-labeled artist, performing in a range of jamming sessions at clubs and events as in the Jazz at the Philharmonic concerts, then creating a rather exhilarating impact on other big bands of the black culture through his personal concept of the jazz trio during the 1930s. As popularized by the trio composed of Nat himself as the pianist leading the combo, guitarist Oscar Moore, and double bassist Wesley Prince, this groundbreaking setup with piano, guitar, and bass greatly persuaded Cole’s moderate contemporaries and musicians o f the modern times to align their attitude in music with his fashion. Evidently, Nat King Cole’s innovation with jazz in this manner may be recognized to bear striking semblances with the styles of blues pianists Ray Charles and Charles Brown, as well as in the compositions of Art Tatum, Oscar Peterson, and Ahmad Jamal among those in major labels. In the short-lived melodic history of his making, Nat King Cole had been able to keep himself dynamic, moving from place to place as he played piano over jazz bars, on Broadway domains that made him accomplish pieces for Eubie Blake’s musical ‘Shuffle Along’ in particular, and in the other venues that witnessed his way with music, giving him followers out of the regular audience and certain artists alike. It did not take a great deal of perseverance to establish his ample influence given the frequency of his band’s live performances and the number of recorded radio transcriptions and locations where the ty pe of jazz rendered by Nat King Cole served a major stimulation for the public prone to romantic mood. On shifting to do vocals, however, he became obliged to go by the standards of the mainstream which at first received unfavorable remarks from both his fans and jazz critics yet this move flourished Cole’s singing career and in 1943, ‘Straighten Up and Fly Right’ with a gospel theme turned out to be his first vocal hit. After obtaining a sustainable market for this folk-based song, Nat King Cole was later inspired to attempt crossing grounds with rock and roll, a simultaneously ensuing demand at the time, which truly was a huge transformation from the origins his true identity was attached. By maintaining a pop-oriented status, Nat consequently sought the need to replace his traditional jazz trio setup by a new approach, often with string accompaniment. Thus, when some of the songs notched at the pop chart like ‘Those Lazy-Hazy-Crazy Days of Summer’ at number six, the inevitable direction to popularity built in him an icon that most people looked up to during the early stage of rock and roll. Of the songs that captivated rare appreciation of the public, it is specially notable to pay tribute to Cole’s authentic and outstandingly beautiful rendition of the classic ‘Mona Lisa’ which ranked first for over two months in the 1950’

Functions and role of a marketing audit

Functions and role of a marketing audit A marketing audit is a comprehensive, systematic, independent and periodic examination of companies or business units marketing environment , objectives, strategies and activities with a view to determining problem areas and opportunities and recommending a plan of action to improve the companys marketing performance'( Kotler.P,1977 ). Product- products in Hilton Kensington restaurant (west eleven) offering guest a wider selection of dishes and healthier choices. They not only incorporate important elements such as nutritional values, serving size and standards but also locally produced ingredients which is good. Price and promotion- price and promotion in west eleven restaurant is quiet amazing. The breakfast buffet is just  £12.95 which is a combination of both continental and English foods and dinner is contemporary European cuisine and carvery (buffet) for 21.95. Promotion includes highlife cards for regular guests which gives 50% discounted price for lunch and dinner. For promotion with kids meal drinks are free as well. People- The staffs and managers having a very good communication links and power distance is low to medium as well. The main strength is each and every staff working as a team and a team leader to control as well. So we are enable to make a good relationship with customers or in other words a good buyer- seller relationship. These all things help to realize that the reputation of brand that we are involved in, is in peoples hands. Process- In west eleven restaurant micros is a good technology which is using now to make good relation between waiters, chefs and the guest. The services of starters from 7min and main course 20min now a day. Physical evidence- we are maintaining a better brand image now for extending customer service relationships, selection, value, low price and to challenge with competing brands. It is the element of service mix as well which allows the customer again to make judgement on the organisation. Environment Environmental analysis enables an organisation to develop appropriate marketing strategies including the marketing mix. Environment can be divided into micro environment and macro environment. Important external forces that influence the marketing strategy include Customers- customers in west eleven restaurant always looks for quality of food rather than quantity. Most of the guests who are regular because they are meeting their needs. In the guest comments card 90% of the guest rating 7/10which is good not excellent. The major marketing segment is internet and apart from that print media, brouchers etc was there as well. The things like printed media will work inside the hotel wall posters of special offers, sports calendars etc to promote the guest. Competitors- competitors with Hilton Kensington hotel is Mariots south Kensington and novhotel Hammersmith which are upscale category but not luxurious category. The competition is taking place because they are patronized by same target customers, in same product class but there are differentiation, with a same geographic area and a similar price category. All of these hotels got good size, quality and interior decor in restaurants. But the price and value offered is just satisfactory when comparing to west eleven and the emarketig is not good enough as well. Both hotels having bit different strategies because they are concentrating more in leisure guest when Hilton restaurant is focusing mainly for business customers which includes business executives and airline staffs. PORTERS 5 FORCE MODEL Barriers of new entry Existing competitors entering new attractive domestic market.Economies of sale. Emergence of new entreprenal players. Supplier bargaining power Importance of volume to supplier Availability of skilled employees and management. Powerful brands( customers married to loyality scheme) No of competitiors Ratio demand capacity Industry profitability Buyers bargaining power Product diffrenciatioon Willingness to pay for brand name. Buyers incentives Threat of substitutes Switching costs Price-performance trade Of substitutes Products for products. Eg: same food ingredients and Products by competitors in differ-ent names. Five force analysis (source : porter 1980) Macro environment- it impacts on hospitality industry and affects all competitors. PEST frame work is very helpful in carrying out an environmental analysis of the organisation. PEST stands for political, economical, social and technological influences. Political/ legal:- political factors have a direct impact on the way of business operates. The political environment is not stable enough and things are getting changing in regular intervals. V.A.T is changing from January onwards from 17.5 to 20. Terrorism activities are increasing day by day. Economic:-Global recession happened in the mid of 2008s affects badly to the Hotel industry nationally and globally. But now its slowly recovering from the second quarter of 2010 and expected to continue the level of growth in the coming years. Currency inflation is playing a major role in economic growth. Intrest rates which are growing will affect partially as well. I.T has made a lot of difference in the current environment. Eg: If we take wi-fi or broadband in London 95% (est) of the people will use at home, work place or while travelling which is v.good, when comparing countries like Cuba which will be 5% or less which shows a huge penetration of I.T. Social:- one of the sociological factor increased population growth which adversely affecting hospitality industry. Now a days people are not spending much because of recession. When taking age distribution according to census of 2008 UK labour force is about 30.3 million workers, roughly the same size as the combined labour force of California and Texas. What the demographic trends shows is people of age group between 16-34 only working 30% of the total labour force which is bad as young people not working and the others work a lot. London society consists of a cosmopolitan culture which is much much larger in the amount when comparing with other major cities. Technological:-Introduction of ERP systems, emodels and High Speed Broadband systems increased their efficiency to serve their royal customers. But control measures have to take to mitigate the system failure risk, otherwise it will harmful the customer satisfaction. Productivity Productivity is a measure relating a quantity or quality of output to the inputs required to produce it. The benefits of marketing in Hilton are global reach, lower cost than traditional market methods, trackable and measureable results, personalisation, better conversion rates etc. In the other hand the risk which facing are dependability of technology, security, privacy issues, worldwide competition through globalization etc. The Main current problem and challenge which facing cost effectiveness are increased commodity prices. So now a days what is happening is food cost is going higher. Systems The use of intranet is more than extranet in my restaurant. The use of intranet is dominated by email followed by new service and product information, market information, employee listing etc. Marketing information systems providing accurate and timely information about development in the market place. Marketing control systems are good . The control procedures are looking and evaluating quarterly.most of the annual plan objectives are being achived. Provision is made to analyse periodically the profitability of different products, markets and channels of distribution. In my restaurant marketing auditor is responsible for all these systems. Organisation Marketing organisation audit is mainly considered as effectiveness of the organisation activities as well as efficiency of the operation of a company. The organisational structure supports most of the marketing activities. We got good working relation between sales and marketing. Product managers are able to plan profits and sales volume as well. Strategy The mission statement was not that much clear and feasible. The objectives stated in a clear form to guide marketing planning. The markets are segmented at an average fasion. For overall marketing decision process key things which are using are marketing performance audit and marketing competency audit. Marketing resources are some what allocted optimally to prime market segments and marketing mix like product quality,service,promotion, distribution etc.

A Method To Memory :: essays research papers

A Method to Memory The other night I was sitting at home in my room watching the Rockets game, and my phone begins to ring. I answer "Hello", and I hear this frantic voice that I recognize as my friend Mandy's. Mandy is a nervous wreck, she has a big bio-chem test in the morning and can't seem to remember a thing. I ask her what kind of information she has, and she tells me she has notes and her book. Now being the nice guy I am, and having just completed learning about memory in my Intro to Psych class, I turned off the T.V. and told her I'd help her learn to memorize things. The first thing I told her about was a method called rehearsal. I explained that rehearsal involved repeating the information time after time to keep it from fading from her short term memory, or STM. She was a bit confused so I simplified it for her. I reminded her of the other night when she was looking for the number to Pizza Hut in the phone book, and when she found it she started repeating over and over until she got to the phone and could dial it. She was astounded that she was doing this all along and didn't even know it. I then explained another short term memory method known as chunking. She cringed and thought I was talking about the keg party the other night, but I explained that chunking involves taking a large number or word and breaking it down into smaller pieces that could be remembered easier. I also told her that she could chunk together the first letters of a phrase to make it more accessible to her memory retrieval system. I gave her the example of the New York Stock Exchange, or N.Y.S.E. That helped her a lot, but she was concerned whether or not she would remember it all for the final, so I told her the more rehearsing she did, the deeper she would commit the information to memory.

Touchstone anthology of contemporary creative nonfiction Essay

Comparative essay assignment Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"In the Trenches† written by Charles Yale Harrison and â€Å"This Is Not Who We Are† written by Naomi Shihab are two different pieces of work which outline almost the same message. The analysis of these two stories differs in various ways such as application of styles, themes and imagery as articulated in each of the writings. Both contexts give a description about the occurrence of wars in the twentieth century in America but in different parts.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the trenches which are written by Canadian writer Charles Yale Harrison is a story about the Canadian war which starts in Monreal, a place where an unidentified soldier who is twenty years old is together with Canadian soldiers formulating to set up the Germans in Belgium and France. In this writing, a horrifying and realistic portrayal is described in an antiwar statement. This story is expressed from the first person point of opinion of a soldier who is in a trench. The writer begins the story by describing his close relationship with his fellow soldiers; Anderson, Brown, Broadbent and Cleary and then shifts to the scenes of the infamous World War 1 trenches whereby the conditions are filthy and the soldiers are continually exposed to the flesh-looting rainfalls, lice and huge rats (Harrison, 2002).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, Naomi Shihab, Arab-American poet is the writer of â€Å"This is not who we are† which is almost similar to the â€Å"in the trenches† although the writer of this story depict it in form of a poem. This story begins with the writer’s personal life who seek relative safety in the American southwest which is a place torn by war. She describes her marital and emotional connection to Palestine since this is her ancestral homeland. The writer offers evidence of life in safer environment which she feels the disgrace of being an Arab in America at a time when every Arab is considered suspect, including her (Nye, 1997). Nevertheless, the introduction of these two stories brings a perspective on what the entire story is all about. The ideas between the two stories are presented in a different way depending on the kind of structure and form of each author. Therefore both contain different or similar themes, styles and li terary devices in delivering the message which the author wants to communicate. Styles   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Both stories have employed styles in communicating the message to the targeted audience in form of simile, metaphor, personification and imagery. Similes is the main style applied in both contexts, Naomi Shihab, the writer of â€Å"This is not who we are† begins by describing Arab-American skillful violinist as a stylish man who dresses decorous black suits and white shirts and plays like an angel. The writer adds that she wish for world symbols rather than the expensive American vehicles which wear American flags like hula skirts. This shows how she wished that the war could end rather than being prosperous and rich in a violent land. Moreover, the writer proceeds to describe the world that she wished to be and there is application of another simile when she states that she can â€Å"treasure the welcoming world of women†¦, smiling, nurturing, fixing, tending and wrapping language around one another like a warm cloak†. Similarly, Charles Yale Harrison has also applied similes in his writing when he was in the trench and states that he seen the whole army of wire posts beginning to move like a silent host towards him (Harrison, 2002). As the condition of war worsens, the writer depicts the boys who were in firing-step saying that they were like dead men.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In addition, as the soldiers struggles in the dirt trench to save their lives, the writer applies simile by stating that they try to hideaway into the ground like frightened rats. However, Charles Yale Harrison describes the red-tailed comets which were sent by the Germans as looking pretty like the fireworks they have left in Monreal adding that the sky is lit by hundreds of extravagant fireworks like a night carnival which sounds very ironical. During the process of protecting themselves from the explosives, the writer illustrate using a simile stating that the soldiers thrown their faces downward on the bottom of the grovel and trench like savages before that demoniac havoc. The application of similes in these two stories helps the audience to generate a kind of comparison which improves the understanding of what is going on.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Moreover, metaphors and imagery has been applied in these two stories. Naomi Shihab (1997) describes the terrorist as men with hard faces who do vicious things. Although the terrorists are Arabs, the writer does not refer them as Arabs since she is one of them and wants to show that all Arabs are not terrorists. The behavior of men with the hard faces causes the writer to defend herself and her people against the idea that she is one of those with hard faces who choose fierceness over words. This demonstration serves a major drive of explaining that blaming all Arabs because of behavior of the few terrorists is unfair. The writer states a story about a gentleman who approaches her; this makes her afraid because she a half Arab thus this makes her to be momentarily tongue-tied but later finds her voice. Correspondingly, Harrison applies much of imagery and metaphors while describing the nature of the trench during war. He states that the tr ench is unsanitary due to the presence of mud, huge rats, flesh-rotting rainfalls and lice (Reid, 2004). The condition of the trench does not keep soldiers comfortable since they struggle to protect themselves from explosives of their enemies yet the place they are hiding is not safe. This story is distressing and upsetting; illuminating the certainties of war through the eyes of a young soldier and the impressions they fragment. Themes   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Theme of war is general from both stories since the principal message is about the occurrence of war. This theme develops strongly in â€Å"In the Trenches† written by Charles Yale Harrison, war between his fellow soldiers and the Europeans begins from the first line up to the last line. According to the writer, the war is horrifying and we find a sense of shock at the cruelty of war which alters depression to the soldiers. Charles Yale Harrison’s memoir leads us to wonder about why humans continue to retort to war in response to worldwide clashes while being fully conscious of its ferocity (Williford and Martone, 2007). The writer states how one of his fellow soldier said loudly as they argue that no wonder they are losing the bloody war. Moreover, the writer keeps stating that â€Å"so this is war† in many parts of the story thus depicting that the war is occurring. Conversely, Naomi Shihab describes the theme of war in form of terrorism which is caused by the men with hard faces. She describes his ancestral land as â€Å"a place torn by war†, (Williford &Martone, 51). This can evidently show the presence of war when she was writing this story.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, theme of suffering is another theme which has been described in both pieces of writing. Harrison begins describing the theme of suffering by describing how his friend by the name Fry suffers with his feet, as he keeps sliding into holes and creeping out, all the way up. The writer adds that he can hear his friend coughing and panting behind him. In addition the writer states that his nose is bleeding from the force of the detonations (Reid, 2004). Generally, Harrison gives description on how they are affected by the conditions of the trench as they try to protect themselves from the explosives; this brings the theme of suffering plainly. Similarly, Naomi Shihab states that she cannot forget the fate of the people who suffer the daily indignities of surviving in a world at war, of persistent pain caused by the men with hard faces. In addition the writer says that she hold in heart so many distressed individuals because all friends and families of innocent victims affected by war are everywhere. This means that there were many people suffering due to the violence which was happening (Nye, 1997). Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Generally, by comparing the two pieces of writing, I can conclude that they portray the same message but in a different manner and style because both stories focuses heavily on the conceit of war and violence in relation to the society. Harrison brings a clear perspective of the soldiers who were simply unexperienced youths, fighting ineffectively for meaningless ideals. Naomi Shihab brings a general explanation that blaming all Arabs for behavior of the few terrorists is absolute unfair. Both stories shape the future altitudes to war and develop a strong enthusiasm to the audience. References Harrison, C. (2002). Generals die in bed. Toronto: Annick Press. Nye, N. (1997). Habibi. New York: Simon & Schuster Books for Young Readers. Reid, J. H. (2004). Award-winning films of the 1930s: From Wings to Gone with the wind : the definitive guide. Morrisville, NC: Lulu Press. The Canadian republic magazine. (1929). Montreal: s.n. Williford, L., & Martone, M. (2007). Touchstone anthology of contemporary creative nonfiction. New York: Simon & Schuster. Source document

Mental Status Exam Essay Example

Mental Status Exam Essay Example Mental Status Exam Essay Mental Status Exam Essay Thuy Huynh November 16, 2012 Mental Status Exam 1) Appearance (unkempt, unclean, clothing disheveled, atypical clothing, well-groomed, drab, meticulous, obese, underweight, etc. ) -clothing were disheveled, unshaven-ed beard, unclean, unkempt attire 2) Attitude (resistive, cooperative, complacent, detached, resentful, suspicious, uncooperative, overly compliant, provocative, other symptom) -detached from surrounding environment, seemed to be on guard at all times 3) Mood (sad, melancholy, euphoric, labile, irritable, hostile, apathetic, anxious, other symptom) -anxious ) Affect (flat, blunted, appropriate to mood, inappropriate to mood, euphoric, other symptom) -animatedand/or inappropriate affect 5) Behavior (repetitive movements, posturing, waxy flexibility, agitated, impulsive, seductive, anxious, avoids eye contact, psychomotor retardation, hyperactive, violent, restless, other symptom) -anxious, restlessness, pacing back and forth, talking to self, performing defensive moves in hallway, paranoid 6) Speech Content (grandiose, self-depreciative, flight of ideas, loose associations, ideas of reference, hallucinations, delusions, phobias, other ymptom) loose associations 7) Speech Quality and Quantity (overly talkative, slowed, pressured, mute, stutter, dysarthria, guarded, calm, monotone, soft, loud, relevant, coherent, other) monotone at times, when speaking to self speech was soft, incoherent on occasion 8) Sensorium and Intellectual Functioning A) Orientation- did not seem oriented to place or time B) Memory (remote, retention, confabulation)- not able to track C) Patient’s store of general information- knew basic information D) Ability to Abstract-not able to assess ) Insight (patient’s reaction to problem and assessment of causes) -was not quite able to get an accurate assessment on whether or not he had insight to his disease 10) Judgement (regarding own health and business affairs) -not able to make own decisions about own health and business affairs 11) Suicidal and/or Homicidal Risk -was not able to assess 12) Erikson stages: chronological Generativity vs. Stagnation actual – Industry vs. Inferiority 13) Defense mecha nisms: projection, regression Axis I – schizophrenia, paranoia Axis II Axis III Axis IV Axis V Psych. Meds Three top priority nursing diagnoses for this patient: 1- Disturbed personal identity r/t inability to distinguish self and nonself AEB bizarre, regressive behavior, disorganized thought process, and inappropriate affect. 2- Ineffective health maintenance r/t inability to identify, manage, and seek out help in order to maintain health AEB lack of sleep and inability to follow through with ADLs. 3- Ineffective coping r/t maturational and/or situational crises AEB alterations in societal participation and inability to follow rules.

Gmo Lab Report Essay Example

Gmo Lab Report Essay Example Gmo Lab Report Paper Gmo Lab Report Paper At this rate, Genetically Modified Organisms within food products will increase dramatically, but is this for the best? There are many sis factors that have been brought up with genetically modified foods such as potential increase of cancer according to a French study conducted by Dry. Giles Eric Israelis (Kalmia, 2012). Genetically modified food is a popular subject among scientists, as it has been researched quite often. A study was done in the Czech Republic over a course of five years (2002-2007) to test many foods, such as tomatoes and rice, for approved and unapproved Genetically Modified Organisms. Similar to the experiment conducted in the botany lab, the scientists involved in this study used a Polymerase Chain Reaction, or PC, method to determine their results Karol, Story, Localization, Rubrics, 2010). Enrich Dainties and his partners did another similar study, on soybeans specifically. Like our experiment conducted on the cornbread mix, Dainties and his colleagues followed their PC results with an Agrees Gel Electrophoresis (Dainties, Angelic, De Saints, Macaroon and Contain, 2004). An additional experiment closely related to the one performed by my partners and I is a study done in Brazil to better detect for GUM within their foods sold in markets a other places (Cardinally, Branching, Ferreira, dad Cruz and Gemmed, 2005). These articles show how GUM within odds are present all over the world. The reason my fellow group members and myself are conducting this experiment is to test a sample of processed food (in this case cornbread mix) for any existence of Genetically Modified Organisms using PC methods. : We hypothesize that the cornbread mixture has been genetically modified and therefore will show that in the results. Materials and Methods The purpose of this experiment is to use PC method to identify genetically modified foods. During the experiment we, as a group, tested a known non- GUM food sample, oatmeal, along with our cornbread mix. We first weighed out 0. 77 g f the non- GUM oatmeal. We then proceeded to add 3. 85 ml (5. 00 ml per 1. 00 g) of distilled water (DEW) to the oatmeal and ground them together with a pestle. The same was done with 0. 99 g of the cornbread mix and 4. 95 ml of DEW. We pipettes each of these into separate screw-cap tubes consisting of 500 1 of an Instigate solution. These we incubated and centrifuged for approximately 5 minutes each. We then took six PC tubes and filled them each up, 2 with the non- GUM oatmeal mixture, 2 with the cornbread mixture and 2 with a known GUM positive substance. The Non- GUM and GUM positives served as controls for the experiment. One of each of the two tubes contained 20 1 of plant MM and GUM MM. The PC tubes were then placed in a thermal cycled and after this we did an agrees gel electrophoresis to provide us with the necessary data received from bands that shouldve shown up n the gel. Results Even though we had followed procedure and accurately mixed the correct amount and type of DNA and Master Mix together, as shown in Table 1, we ended up getting shocking results. Photos were taken of the final gel slab the morning of the experiment (Fig. 1) and that same afternoon (Fig. 2). There seemed to be very little signs, if any, of Genetically Modified Organisms within he cornbread mixture. TABLE 1. PC Tube Contents: Tube Number I Master Mix I DANA | 20 1 Plant MM (green) | 20 1 Non- GUM food control DNA | 2 | 20 1 GUM MM (red) | 20 1 Non- GUM food control DNA 3 | 20 1 Plant MM (green) | 20 1 test food DNA I 4 | 201 GUM MM (red)1 20 1 test food DNA I 5 | 20 1 Plant MM (green) | 20 1 GUM positive control DNA | 6 | 20 GUM MM (red)1 201 GUM positive control DNA I FIGURE 1 . GUM Morning (AM) Agrees Gel Electrophoresis results FIGURE 2. GUM Evening (PM) Agrees Gel Electrophoresis results Discussion: The purpose of this experiment was to determine whether or not a sample of n off-brand cornbread mix had contained Genetically Modified Organisms (GUM). As a result, we determined that there were no GUM traces located in the cornbread mix. This could be due to mistakes that may have been made during the procedure such as poor measuring or mixing, misreading results, or the cornbread mix really was not made with genetically modified foods. These results disprove our hypothesis, which stated that we believed there would be GUM traces found within the cornbread mix. It was disappointing to see that we had a negative result while many of the other groups received bold nines on their rag gel indicating that their foods contained high amounts of GUM. I was glad to see that not all processed foods contain it though as in with the results of the Czech Republic study. Out of all the tomatoes and papayas they tested, not one had resulted in the detection of GUM traces (Karol, Story, Localization, Rubrics, 2010). We knew that the gel was accurately detecting GUM traces in foods by using the GUM positive control. Also to back up our assumptions that the Agrees Gel Electrophoresis results are accurate, it is shown in Adenines, and others, work. He used this method of GUM detection in is study to show that this is an effective way of detecting GUM traces (Dainties, Angelic, De Saints, Macaroon and Contain, 2004). It is interesting to see how genealogical modified foods are not only in the US but also in the Czech Republic and even in Brazil markets, where Cardinally and his associates looked into Roundup Ready soybeans and checked other substances for GUM traces (Cardinally, Branching, Ferreira, dad Cruz and Gemmed, 2005). Though I was disappointed to get negative results, I am happy that there was a variety in GUM traces within the whole lab. I dont know if we would have learned much if we all got positive results. It would cause us to just assume that all processed foods have been genetically altered.

LC Financing. Comparison between an Islamic and a conventional bank in Essay

LC Financing. Comparison between an Islamic and a conventional bank in Qatar - Essay Example It is a financial agreement – a secure mode of payment - between an importer and exporter for goods shipped (Finance). In Wall Street Words, David L. Scott defines a letter of credit as â€Å"a promise of payment in the event that certain requirements are met. A letter of credit essentially substitutes the credit of a third party (usually a large bank) for that of a borrower. In the case of municipal bonds, an LOC generally permits a trustee to draw six months' interest and sufficient funds to retire outstanding bonds at par in the event of default† (qtd. in Letter of Credit). Since L/Cs carry a risk for the issuing bank in case the client defaults, the bank assesses the client’s creditworthiness and financial position to evaluate his ability to pay in the future. In some cases, the bank may ask for a security to minimize chances of loss. There are various departments within the bank which cater to such analysis and evaluation in order to judge whether the custom er is worthy of providing credit or not. If the customer simply is asking for a letter of credit then the bank assumes responsibility for the traded goods coming into the country. In that case, checks and balances are even stricter and require that the customer is of extremely good credit worthiness based on which financing and LC facilities are then provided. Corporate and commercial banking departments are formulated where teams sit and evaluate companies for their creditworthiness as well as their capacity to pay back the loans that they have taken. Other departments that may be involved in this case may include Risk Management department, Credit management department, Commercial Banking and Audit as well as a committee that is formulated especially to evaluate credit packages that are developed through the corporate or commercial banking departments. (Islam). Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits (UCP 600), issued by the International Chamber of Commerce, includes the latest rules which govern letter of credit transactions in international trade finance worldwide. What are  L/C finance contracts? There are various financial solutions offered by banks for trade financing. L/C finance contracts are one of them, with modern banks offering a wide range of L/C financing products to meet complex needs of traders. One of these is export contracts through which the exporter's bank extends a loan to him. Trade loans are regarded as an important trade finance technique. They are especially suitable for wholesalers and manufacturers as they can be utilized for both one-off and regular purchases of raw materials, goods, etc. The bank can extend finance until payment from the on-sale of goods is provided by the client (Barclays). L/C finance contracts in Islamic bank Muslim jurists believe that reward for capital needs to be linked to the outcome of any project if financing is being extended by the bank. They are of the view that gains should be made v ia trade involving sale and purchase (Hanif 3). Islamic banks have thus come up with alternate, Shariah-complaint financial solutions for customers as compared to conventional banks. Murabaha is one of the most commonly used principles in Islamic trade finance. It refers to: â€Å"†¦a contract of sale and purchase at a profit margin between the supplier and the purchaser of the good. The

The ZOPA model will soon dominate personal banking in the UK Essay

The ZOPA model will soon dominate personal banking in the UK - Essay Example Zopa UK has been operating in the UK virtual environment for 6 years. ZOPA has been providing a lending and borrowing medium to people at cost-effective and competitive rates unlike banks that charge higher rates to borrowers at their own terms and conditions. Zopa member strength was just 300 when it started in 2005. Within next 4 months, it reached to 26,000 members. Zopa has been able to offer competitive rates as its products are riskier to other market players (Chaffey, 2008). The company was established by the three founders namely chief executive Richard Duvall, chief financial officer James Alexander and David Nicholson. All the three founders of Zopa had some connection with Egg; Richard Duvall was the leading man behind the creation of online bank for Prudential in 1998; Mr. Alexander had been the strategy director when he joined Egg in 2000 and before that he was working for Smile, an online bank. Egg’s brand development director Sarah Mathew also joined the league to write a successful story on Zopa in 2005 (Chaffey, 2008). Zopa is an online marketplace that brings investors and borrowers on the same platform for the realisation of a personal loan at competitive rates to both the parties unlike banks that charge higher interest rates. At Zopa there is no need to worry about overhead charges, unethical investments, managing employees in thousands and branches in hundreds.